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Aromatic Compounds

Benzene, aromaticity and aromatic compounds.




Originally fragrant substances were called aromatic compounds. Today, however, the term (Arene) is reserved for the chemical substances whose molecules are flat (planar) and ring-shaped (cyclic) and have conjugated double bonds. And: aromaticity - an attribute of aromatic compounds - is a chemical property associated with the extra stability of certain types of pi-systems.

Benzene is considered a model compound of aromatics, consisting of a ring of 6 carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. Expand can be an aromatic ring with substitution reactions. Compounds having atoms other than carbon in a ring system, which satisfies the conditions of aromaticity are called heteroaromatics.

The following list shows online available information about the chemistry and physics of the aromatic compounds.



Content, Topics


Lecture Notes, Tutorials
Historical Facts and Documents
Compounds
Chemical Reactions
Environmental Chemistry
Safety
Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry
Dissertations



Lecture Notes, Tutorials


Aromatic Compounds
Structure and nomenclature

Aromatic Compounds and Aromaticity
Lecture notes

Aromaticity
Textbook - Format: PDF

Aromaticity
Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes - Format: PDF

Aromaticity
Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Aromaticity and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Lecture notes

Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
Organic chemistry hypertext

Benzene and Aromaticity
Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Benzene and Aromaticity
Lecture notes, MIT Open Courseware - Format: PDF

Benzene and Derivatives
Lecture notes on aromaticity

Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds
Lecture notes: Aromaticity

Benzene Structure and the Aromatic Ring
Lecture notes

Bonding in Benzene
An orbital model for the benzene structure

Molecular Orbitals of Benzene
Lecture notes - Format: PDF



Historical Facts and Documents


Kekulé structure for benzene

Sausage and Structural Formulae
August Kekulé, Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 3, 98 (1865)



Compounds


Benzene and aromatic compounds
Searchable database

Benzene fact sheet
ToxFAQs™ for Benzene



Chemical Reactions


Aromatic Substitution Reactions I
Substitution Reactions of Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic Substitution Reactions II
Electrophilic Substitution of Disubstituted Benzene Rings

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
PDF Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions I
Reactions of Benzene. Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions II
Substituent Effects: Relative Reactivities. Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Functionalization
... of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings. Best synthetic methods

Nitration
... of aromatic compounds - Format: PDF

Nitration
... of benzene and aromatic compounds

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Lecture notes - Format: PDF

Reactions of Benzene
Organic chemistry eBook - Format: PDF

Reactions of Benzene
... and other aromatic compounds - Format: PDF

Substitution Mechanisms
Aromatic Substitution Reactions - Format: PDF

Sulfonation
... and sulfation processes - Format: PDF



Environmental Chemistry


Benzene
Environmental Information. Eco-USA

Chemical Profile: Benzene
. Scorecard

Consumer Factsheet on: Benzene
... in Ground Water & Drinking Water. EPA

Consumer Factsheet on: Chlorobenzene
... in ground water and drinking Water

Consumer Factsheet on: Ethylbenzene
... in ground water and drinking Water



Safety


Benzene
Medical Management Guidelines, MMGs. ATSDR

Benzene
Safety and Health Topics. OSHA



Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry


Benzene
Chronic toxicity summary

Benzene
... and other aromatics. Air toxics web site. EPA



Dissertations


Analysis of an Elementary Reaction Mechanism for Benzene Oxidation in Supercritical Water
MIT Open Courseware - Format: PDF

Aromaticity in benzene-like rings
Examples of aromatic compounds

Catalytic C-H activation of benzene by plantinum(II)
A mechanistic study. Dissertation. ETH Zürch - Format: PDF

Ion-Molecule Reactions in a Nitrogen-Benzene Plasma
Implications for the Destruction of Aromatic Compounds - Format: PDF

 


Last update: 14.11.2018.






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