Hydrocarbons

The hydrocarbons form an extremely extensive group of organic chemical compounds that consist exclusively of the chemical elements carbon C and hydrogen H. These substances form the basic structure of organic chemistry, their compounds based on carbon and the simultaneous molecules a basic skeleton of carbon chains.

The variety of types, structures and properties of hydrocarbons results from a special feature of carbon: A carbon atom on energetic ground has four equivalent valence electrons, which can form four chemical bonds - also among themselves. As a result, any number of carbon atoms can bond with one another, form branched and unbranched carbon chains or form ring-shaped structures. Electrons that are not received here from the carbon atoms in chemical bonds with one another form bonds with the electrons of the hydrogen atom; the free valences of the carbohydrates are saturated with hydrogen and one speaks of mineral hydrocarbons.

Another IS the formation of alleged multiple bonds, that is, the C-atoms can form double bonds C=C and triple bonds C≡C with each other or with respected other atoms, which further increases the number of possible structures. The compounds are also referred to as unsaturated hydrocarbons because not all form valences with H-atom bonds.

A third form are the cyclic hydrocarbons (carbocycles), in which the carbon atoms come together to form ring-shaped structures.

Below you will find a list of online available information resources on the chemistry of hydrocarbons (see also: list of alkanes)

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Last update: 21.10.2022

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